U.S. Demands Syria Ceasefire but Turkey Defiant

U.S. Vice President Mike Pence met Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan on Thursday to push for a ceasefire in Syria after Ankara rebuffed international pressure to halt its deadly offensive against Kurdish forces.

The visit came a day after Erdogan vowed to press ahead with Turkey's operation, which has been facilitated by the withdrawal of U.S. troops from northern Syria, claiming hundreds of lives and displacing hundreds of thousands.

Ahead of the key trip, an extraordinary letter from U.S. President Donald Trump emerged in which he warned Erdogan: "Don't be a fool." Sent the day Turkey launched its incursion into northeastern Syria, Trump said history risked branding him a "devil."

The Erdogan-Pence meeting lasted about one hour and 20 minutes --  longer than expected according to a U.S. official -- and they were later joined by Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and other officials.

Days after U.S. troops abruptly began withdrawing, Turkish soldiers and their Syrian rebel proxies gained ground in Ras al-Ain, a border town where Kurdish fighters have put up stiff resistance, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said.

Turkish forces and the mostly Arab and Turkmen former rebels they use as a ground force had "taken about half of the town" by Thursday morning, Rami Abdel Rahman, head of the Britain-based war monitor, said.

The Observatory said more than 300,000 civilians had been  displaced within Syria since the start of the assault, calling it one of the largest upheavals since Syria's civil war began in 2011. 

The monitor said nearly 500 people have been killed including dozens of civilians, the majority on the Kurdish side.

On Wednesday, Kurdish forces struck a desperate deal with Damascus and stepped aside to allow Syrian regime troops and allied Russian soldiers to enter the border town of Kobane, according to the Observatory.

Kobane is a highly symbolic town for Syria's Kurds, whose forces wrested it from the Islamic State (IS) group in an epic 2015 battle backed by the US-led coalition.

Syrian President Bashar al-Assad said Thursday his forces would respond to the Turkish assault "using all legitimate means at our disposal."

- 'Unusual' letter -

The Turkish operation, now in its second week, has triggered a flurry of diplomacy among major powers.

Facing a barrage of criticism in Washington for abandoning the Kurds, Trump has imposed sanctions on three Turkish ministers and raised tariffs on its steel industry.

Pence's office said the U.S. would pursue "punishing economic sanctions" unless there was "an immediate ceasefire."

In the missive to Erdogan dated October 9 -- whose authenticity was confirmed to AFP by the White House -- Trump wrote: "You don't want to be responsible for slaughtering thousands of people, and I don't want to be responsible for destroying the Turkish economy -- and I will."

In return, Erdogan turned down the proposal and "binned" the letter, unnamed diplomats told the broadcaster CNN Turk. AFP could not reach any Turkish officials for immediate comment. 

Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov noted the "unusual" nature of the letter, saying it was "not often that such language is found in exchanges between leaders".

But Erdogan told the Turkish parliament Wednesday that the only way to solve Syria's problems was for the Kurdish forces to "lay down their arms... destroy all their traps and get out of the safe zone that we have designated".

The embattled Kurdish authorities in northeastern Syria accused Turkey of resorting to banned weapons such as napalm and white phosphorus munitions, a charge Ankara has denied.

- Moscow steps into void -

Trump again dismissed the idea that pulling out 1,000 troops -- practically the entire U.S. contingent in the region -- had been a betrayal of Kurdish militants who bore the brunt of the fight against IS in recent years.

Ankara says Syria's main Kurdish force, the People's Protection Units (YPG), is a "terrorist" offshoot of the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), which has waged a bloody insurgency inside Turkey since 1984.

Moscow has stepped into the void left by the US withdrawal, deploying patrols to prevent clashes between Syrian and Turkish forces.

Erdogan will meet his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin Tuesday in the Black Sea resort of Sochi as both sides seek to prevent a war between Turkey and Syria.

The Turkish government can count on widespread support for its operation at home, where a decades-long bloody insurgency by Kurdish militants has killed tens of thousands of people.

But Western powers fear it will endanger the fight against IS. Thousands of IS prisoners are held in Kurdish-run camps in the region.

Europe has taken an increasingly tough line with Turkey, and several countries including Britain, France and Germany have imposed arms embargoes on Ankara over the operation.

- Jihadist fears -

The U.N. Security Council warned in a unanimously adopted statement of a risk of "dispersion" of jihadist prisoners, but stopped short of calling for an end to Turkey's offensive.

The Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces said Wednesday they were "freezing" operations against IS.

The force's head Mazloum Abdi told Kurdish television channel Ronahi it would make do with "defensive" operations against the group, which maintains sleeper cells and a presence in Syria's vast desert despite its territorial defeat.

Since launching their assault on October 9, Turkey and its Syrian proxies have secured more than 100 kilometers (60 miles) of the border, but Ras al-Ain has held out.

Erdogan wants to create a buffer zone stretching 30 kilometers from the border into Syrian territory.

He wants to destroy Kurdish hopes of an autonomous enclave that Turkey fears could serve as a launchpad for attacks on its soil, and to resettle some of the 3.6 million Syrian refugees Ankara is hosting.